The most-famous mathematician and inventor in ancient Greece. Archimedes is known for his discovery of the relation between the surface and volume of a sphere and its circumscribing cylinder.
He is also known for his formulation of a hydrostatic principle (known as 'Archimedes’ principle') and a device for raising water, still used in developing countries, known as the Archimedes screw
He died during the Siege of Syracuse when he was killed by a Roman soldier despite orders that he should not be harmed. .
Most probably, he is the designer of the Antikythera mechanism.